Adjectives express quality of nouns. For example: Red carpet, long way...etc. In Latin, adjectives agree with nouns which they belong to. Therefore, they also agree with their nouns' number and case. Let's examine them closely:
bonus: adj. good
Marcus bonōs librōs amat. (Mark loves good books).'Bonōs' and 'librōs' in the accusative case (masculine and plural). They agree in the case, number and gender each other.
Here is another example:
puella pulchra bonōs librōs amat.
Declensions of Adjectives
As I said at the beginning, adjectives agree with the nouns which they belong to. That means adjectives are declined just like nouns in Latin. There are some patterns which they fall. They are:
Adjectives of First and Second Declensions
In this group, terminations of adjectives differ for all masculine, feminine and neuter forms. In the nominative case masculine ending is mostly -us, feminine ending is -a, and neuter ending is -um.
See how adjectives are declined in 'Table 10'.
A few masculine adjectives end in -er in first and second declensions. Some of them omit -e. For example; miser, misera, miserum and pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum.
See how these adjectives are declined in 'Table 11' and 'Table 12'.
There are also nine irregular adjectives.
To see them, check 'Table 13' and 'Table 14'.
Adjectives of Third Declension
Adjectives of third declension are grouped according to their endings. These groups are:
bonus: adj. good
Marcus bonōs librōs amat. (Mark loves good books).'Bonōs' and 'librōs' in the accusative case (masculine and plural). They agree in the case, number and gender each other.
- If an adjective is separated by a verb and stands in the predicate, it is called predicate adjective. For example:
- If an adjective is closely attached to a noun, it is called attributive adjective. For example:
Here is another example:
puella pulchra bonōs librōs amat.
Declensions of Adjectives
As I said at the beginning, adjectives agree with the nouns which they belong to. That means adjectives are declined just like nouns in Latin. There are some patterns which they fall. They are:
Adjectives of First and Second Declensions
In this group, terminations of adjectives differ for all masculine, feminine and neuter forms. In the nominative case masculine ending is mostly -us, feminine ending is -a, and neuter ending is -um.
See how adjectives are declined in 'Table 10'.
A few masculine adjectives end in -er in first and second declensions. Some of them omit -e. For example; miser, misera, miserum and pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum.
See how these adjectives are declined in 'Table 11' and 'Table 12'.
There are also nine irregular adjectives.
To see them, check 'Table 13' and 'Table 14'.
Adjectives of Third Declension
Adjectives of third declension are grouped according to their endings. These groups are:
- Adjectives which have different endings for each gender, e. g. , m. celer, f. celeris, n. celere. Some of thse adjectives drop -e. Such as, puter, putris, putre. Check 'Table 15' and 'Table 16'.
- Adjectives which have the same form for masculine and feminine, and a different form for neuter, e. g. , m.&f. paralis, n. parale.
Check 'Table 17'. - Adjectives which have the same ending for all genders, e. g. , fēlīx. Check 'Table 18'.
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